Because Catalca and its villages are a very old settlement, they are full of historical structures. It's possible to see bridges, fountains, mosques, military bases built during the Balkan Wars, and martyrs' cemeteries. While the district lacks major rivers, it has moderate streams that irrigate the land. The Istranca River originates in the Black Forest, an extension of the Istranca Mountains in the Vize district, and flows into Lake Terkos. Freshwater fish inhabit the river, and the lagoons of Ormanli Village are particularly famous. The Karasu River originates beneath a place called Kocatas Daman in the Kurt Ayazmasi Forest and flows into Lake Buyukcekmece. The Black Sea coast of the district, in particular, contains sandy Miocene and Oligaceous deposits of various compositions, including clayey and cibsi zones. Among the mines near Lake Terkos are gold, and near Lake Ermeni, in the villages of Kabakca and Podima (Yalikoy), sand mines suitable for glass and bottle production.

There are lignite mines in Yenikoy, near Lake Terkos, and in the Mimarsinan area. There are no very high mountains within the district; the highest are the Istranca Mountains, rising 375 meters above sea level, and the 382-meter Kuskaya Mountain near Ciftlikkoy, where two pointed towers built by the Byzantine Emperor Anantasius are located. Lake Terkos and Lake Buyukcekmece provide water for the surrounding area. Trees are abundant along the Black Sea coast, but fewer around Marmara. Wheat, barley, oats, sunflowers, rye, spa (a type of fodder), corn, bird seed, millet, vetch, beans, lentils, and chickpeas are cultivated within the district. In addition to agriculture, some people also engage in viticulture and horticulture.

Sheep farming is very advanced due to the almost complete and suitable pastures in Silivri, Buvukcekmece, and the southern parts of the central district of Catalca. These animals also produce abundant milk, are nutritious, and have high fat content.